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civil authority
Civil authority or civilian authority, also known as civilian government, is the apparatus of a State, other than its military units, that enforces law and order. It is also used to distinguish between religious authority (for example Canon law) and secular authority. The enforcement of law and order is typically the role of the police in modern states.
==History==
Among the first modern experiments in civil government took place in 1636 when Roger Williams, a Christian minister, founded the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. He sought to create a "wall of separation" between church and state to prevent corruption of the church and maintain civil order as expounded upon in his 1644 book, ''Bloudy Tenent of Persecution''.〔Roger Williams, James Calvin Davis (editor), ''On religious liberty: selections from the works of Roger Williams'', (Harvard University Press, 2008), ISBN 0-674-02685-3, ISBN 9780674026858 ()(accessed July 11, 2009 on Google Books)〕〔James Emanuel Ernst, Roger Williams, ''New England Firebrand'' (Macmillan Co., Rhode Island, 1932), pg. 246 ()〕
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